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澳門 Pre-philately

項次 1712

4400.00 HKD

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1838 (3 Aug) Macao to Aberdeenshire, Scotland per the Ship of “Earl of Balcarras” for China. From the famous William

1838 (3 Aug) Macao to Aberdeenshire, Scotland per the Ship of “Earl of Balcarras” for China. From the famous William Leslie correspondence in which the narratives mentioned “…… Sir Frederick , Lady Maitland / the Naval Commander out here for the East Indies / is here in “HMS Wellesley” 74 (guns) with the “Lavina 18 (guns)” & “Aegverin 10 (guns)” – which has enlivened the place a good deal. Sir Frederick was the Captain who took Napoleon in the Bellicophon in June 1815 and is a splendid specimen of a British Admiral of the Nelson School. “2/-” is the unpaid rate charged from Macao to Dover, England, and “ ½ ” is the local charge when arrived at Aberdeenshire, Scotland. This is a forerunner of First Opium War, in which the letter provides a detailed account of British naval and civilian people to flee to Macao, China. All the senior military officers mentioned in this letter were the key commanders to take lead and involve in many battles during the First Opium War. Sir Frederick Maitland was the Rear-Admiral commander of the East Indies and China Station, and died in November 1839. A very good First Opium War letter, full of characters. 1838年8月3日，澳門經「Earl of Balcarras」號船寄往蘇格蘭亞伯丁郡此信出自著名的William Leslie通信集，內容提及：「……東印度艦隊司令弗雷德里克·梅特蘭爵士及其夫人現駐澳門，座艦為74門炮的『HMS Wellesley』，另有18門炮的『Lavina』與10門炮的『Aegverin』，為此地增添不少生氣。弗雷德里克爵士曾於1815年6月指揮『Bellicophon』號俘虜拿破崙，乃納爾遜風範的英國海軍上將典範……」郵資標註「2/-」為澳門至英格蘭多佛的未付費率，「½」為信件抵達蘇格蘭亞伯丁郡後的本地費用。此信為鴉片戰爭前兆，詳述英國軍民撤至澳門的經過，信中提及的高級軍官皆為戰爭期間的關鍵指揮官。弗雷德里克·梅特蘭爵士時任東印度及中國站海軍少將，於1839年11月逝世。此信內容豐富，極具歷史價值。

項次 1717

15000.00 HKD

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1840 (23 Jun) a very important printed letter from Dent & Co Macao, in which includes two blockade to Canton official circulars

1840 (23 Jun) a very important printed letter from Dent & Co Macao, in which includes two blockade to Canton official circulars about “PUBLIC NOTICE OF BLOCKADE OF THE RIVER AND PORT OF CANTON”. The printed letter and public circulars are stated as follows: Referring to our Circular of 15th Inst. (i.e. last month), we now beg to send you the following Copy of a notice of Blockade which has just been issued; a portion of the fleet will remain here as a Blockading Squadron; the remainder, with the Troop Ships, are already moving to the northward; and will be followed by the English part of the Expedition on its arrival here …… It is believed that the instructions of the British Government contemplate the occupation of some Island as the future seat of the British Trade, but it is now obvious that a considerable time must elapse before anything can be definitively arranged: the more especially, as we learn by the English April letters, just received, that our Government is determined to insist on indemnification for the loss of properly on the part of the British Merchants, and efficient guarantees for the future; concession, which as we have already stated, there is no reason to expect will be readily made. PUBLIC NOTICE OF BLOCKADE OF THE RIVER AND PORT OF CANTON By [notices] John Gordon Bremer, Knt. C.B.K.C.H., Commodore of the First Class, and Commander in Chief of Her Britannic Majesty’s Ships and Vessels of War, employed and to be employed on the East India Station and Seas adjacent. In pursuance of the Commands of Her Britannic Majesty’s Government, I do hereby give notice that a Blockade of the River and Port of Canton by all its entrances will be established on and after the 28th instant (i.e. the same month in June). Given under my hand on board Her Britannic Majesty’s Ship the Wellesley, in Macao Roads, this Twenty second day of June 1840. J.J. GORDON BREMER By Command of the Commander in Chief. Wm. DYER,– Secretary ============================================== By Sir James John Gordon Bremer, Knt. C.B.K.C.H. Commodore of the First Class, and Commander in Chief of Her Britannic Majesty’s Ships and Vessels employed and to be employed on the East India Station and Seas adjacent. With a view to the convenience of British and other Foreign Merchants Ships resorting to the Coast of China in ignorance of the Blockade of the River and Port of Canton, Notice is hereby given that the Senior Officer off that Station has been instructed to permit them to repair to, and remain at any anchorages in the neighbourhood of the Port, which he may see fit to indicate from time to time. Until further notice, it is to be understood, that the anchorages of rendezvous for such purposes of convenience, are Capsuymoon and Macao Roads. Given under hand on board Her Britannic Majesty’s “ Wellesley ” in Macao Roads, this twenty second day of June, One thousand eight hundred and forty. J.J. GORDON BREMER By Command of the Commander in Chief. Wm. DYER,– Secretary Ex Percival David Collection 1840年6月23日，澳門顛地洋行（Dent & Co.）寄出之重要印刷公函，內附兩份關於「廣州河道及港口封鎖公告」之官方通告。該印刷公函與公告內容如下：【公函正文】「謹參照本月15日（即上月）之通告，現奉上最新發布之封鎖告示抄本。艦隊一部將留駐此處組成封鎖中隊，其餘艦艇連同運兵船已向北移動，待遠征軍英方部隊抵達後將繼續跟進……據信英國政府指令擬佔領某島嶼作為未來貿易基地，然現顯而易見，在最終安排定案前尚需相當時日——尤以我方甫接獲之英國4月來函表明，政府決意堅持要求賠償英商財產損失及獲取有效未來保障，此等讓步誠如前述，實難期待中方輕易允諾。」【廣州河道及港口封鎖公告（第一號）】「奉大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合王國女王陛下政府之命，一等准將兼東印度及鄰近海域皇家海軍總司令約翰·戈登·布雷默爵士（Sir John Gordon Bremer, K.C.B., K.C.H.）特此宣告：自本月28日（即1840年6月）起，廣州河道及港口所有入口將實施封鎖。 1840年6月22日簽署於澳門錨地皇家艦隊『威爾斯利號』總司令官約翰·戈登·布雷默首席秘書威廉·戴爾代行」 ============================================== 【廣州河道及港口封鎖公告（第二號）】「一等准將兼東印度及鄰近海域皇家海軍總司令詹姆斯·約翰·戈登·布雷默爵士（Sir James John Gordon Bremer, K.C.B., K.C.H.）鑒於部分英國及其他外國商船在不知情下駛抵中國沿海，特此通告：該海域資深軍官已獲指示，允許此類船隻駛往並停泊於其指定之港口鄰近錨地。在另行通知前，便利性集合錨地暫定為金星門與澳門錨地。 1840年6月22日簽署於澳門錨地皇家艦隊『威爾斯利號』總司令官約翰·戈登·布雷默首席秘書威廉·戴爾代行」 ============================================== ※ 拍賣品來源出自珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士收藏（Ex Percival David Collection）

項次 1718

4000.00 HKD

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1840 (4 Jul) J. Silverlock Letter Sheet from Macao When the First Opium War broke out, the Royal Navy ships HMS Volage and HMS Hyacinth

1840 (4 Jul) J. Silverlock Letter Sheet from Macao When the First Opium War broke out, the Royal Navy ships HMS Volage and HMS Hyacinth were the only two stationed in China seas. British forces have decided to mobilize its forces around APAC region mainly including India, Australia and New Zealand in preparation to make aggression into China. This military reinforcement was basically completed in July 1840. The Letter herein provided a very detailed account of the military mobilization actions, stating the following: “The fleet has been considerably increased during the last week, the following is a list of the force now in the Chinese waters – H.M.S. ‘Melville’ 74 guns, Flag Admiral Elliot ‘Wellesley’ 72, ‘Druid’ 44, ‘Blonde’ 42, ‘Alligator’ 28. ‘Conway’28, ‘Volage’ 28, ‘’Alligator’ 28, ‘Conway’28, ‘Larna’ 20, ‘Pylades’ 18, ‘’Hyacinth’ 18, ‘Cruizon’ 16, Algerine’ 10, ‘Rattlesnake’; Troop Ship, H.C. Steamers – ‘Atalanta’, ‘Madagascan’, ‘Enterprise’, ‘Queen’. Troops H.M.’s 18th Royal Irish, 26th Comeronian (Regiment of Foot) & 49th Regiments. Bengal Volunteers 1000 strong, Madras artillery sappeas and miners about a Regiment Colonel Burrull Commissioner of the land forces. In all, Ships 600 guns, 5000 seamen and marines, and 5000 troops exclusion of steamers, thus are doubly manned and each carries a long destructive gun at the bows with one or two others at the steam with artillerymen to work them, the vessels expected and known to have sailed for China are the ‘Blenheim’ 74, ‘Pigus’ 44, ‘Inconstant’ 44. Two Brigs 18 guns each. Steamer ‘Scootris’ expected but uncertain; the Brazil squadron is said to be coming on, also other ships and steamers from England but we have no positive knowledge of these.” A fascinating account of the state of military reinforcement to the preparation of launching large formal attack to China after the outbreak of the First Opium War. Interestingly, you will see the British government is very determined to push it forward by even attempting to mobilize Brazil Squadron to Far East. From the letter content, we may see a strong fleet of major naval H.M.S. and various ground troops coming together to China. Ex Perical David Collection 1840年7月4日澳門，J. Silverlock通信詳盡記載第一次鴉片戰爭爆發時英軍之增援行動當第一次鴉片戰爭爆發之際，英國皇家海軍僅有”伏爾吉號”（HMS Volage）與”風信子號”（HMS Hyacinth）兩艦駐守中國海域。英軍遂決心調動亞太地區兵力，主要來自印度、澳洲及紐西蘭等地，籌備對華侵略行動。此項軍事增援行動於1840年7月基本完成。本信件對此次軍事調動有極為詳盡之記載，內容如下：「過去一週艦隊規模顯著擴充，現將中國水域兵力列述如下： 戰列艦：74門炮之’梅爾維爾號’（旗艦，懿律少將座艦）、72門炮’威靈頓號’、44門炮’德魯伊號’、42門炮’布隆德號’護衛艦：28門炮’鱷魚號’、28門炮’康威號’、28門炮’伏爾吉號’、20門炮’拉納號’、18門炮’派拉德斯號’、18門炮’風信子號’、16門炮’克魯伊松號’、10門炮’阿爾及爾人號’及’響尾蛇號’；運兵船與東印度公司蒸汽艦：’阿塔蘭塔號’、’馬達加斯加號’、’企業號’及’女王號’。陸軍部隊包括： 皇家愛爾蘭第18團、卡梅倫第26步兵團及第49步兵團、孟加拉志願軍千人隊、馬德拉斯工兵團與礦工團（由伯勒爾上校統率之地面部隊專員）。總計：艦炮600門、海軍及陸戰隊員5000人、陸軍5000人（不含蒸汽艦人員）。各蒸汽艦均配備雙倍人員，艦首裝載長程破壞炮一門，蒸汽機旁另置一至二門，由專業炮手操作。 另已知即將來華之艦艇包括： 74門炮’布倫海姆號’、44門炮’皮格斯號’與’無常號’、雙桅橫帆船兩艘（各18門炮）、蒸汽艦’斯庫提斯號’（尚未確認）；據傳巴西分艦隊亦將赴遠東，另有多艘英國本土艦艇與蒸汽艦正在途中，惟具體情報尚未掌握。」從信件內容可見，一支由皇家海軍主力艦艇與多支地面部隊組成的強大遠征軍正集結來華，尤值注意的是，英國政府決心甚堅，甚至嘗試調動巴西分艦隊遠赴東亞。 [拍賣品來源：珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士珍藏]

項次 1720

3600.00 HKD

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1840 (29 Jul) Macao Letter sent to Yorkshire, England during the beginning of the First Opium War. Boxed handstamp of “INDIA LETTER /

1840 (29 Jul) Macao Letter sent to Yorkshire, England during the beginning of the First Opium War. Boxed handstamp of “INDIA LETTER / SOUTHAMPTON”, carried by vessel Mor., with rate mark of “8” charged 8p to the recipient. The letter mentioned the trade of tea including the export of 29 chests Congo (per ship Harburger) and 14.5 chests TwanKay (per ship Earl Balcarras). Despite some interruptions and trade barriers occurred over the height time of the First Opium War period, the trade and export actually continued at the time. Congo was obviously more expensive than TwanKay. Congo was an anglicized version of the Chinese工夫茶 (gōngfu chá). TwanKay was a type of green tea, which the name is derived from a transliteration of Tunxi (屯溪), a tea-trading town in Anhui province. 8p was a standard rate charged to ship letters from both India and China, and the rate was changed from Jan 1840. Therefore, it explained even the letter sent from Macao, China, it carried an INDIA Ship Letter handstamp. 1840年7月29日澳門寄往英國約克郡信函，加蓋”INDIA LETTER / SOUTHAMPTON”方框戳，經”Mor.”號船運送，收件人支付8便士郵資。內容提及戰爭期間持續的茶葉貿易：29箱工夫茶（“Harburger”號承運）與14.5箱屯溪綠茶（“Earl Balcarras”號承運）。按1840年新郵政費率，中印船郵統一收取8便士，故雖從澳門寄出仍加蓋印度船郵戳記。

項次 1722

3200.00 HKD

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840 (20 Aug) Macao An important Silverlock correspondence from Macao – completion of British military reinforcement and launch of intense

840 (20 Aug) Macao An important Silverlock correspondence from Macao – completion of British military reinforcement and launch of intense attack to Qing Dynasty. Towards June end, the British military reinforcement was completed. The British naval force launched an intense bombardment on 5 July and soon occupied Tinghai harbour. British expedition then divided its forces, sending one fleet south to the Pearl River while sending a second fleet north to the Yellow Sea. This letter sheet provides a detailed account of the fleet sent down to the South to fully capture Canton River and the ports near Chuenpi given the strategic value of Pear River Delta to the South gateway to China. The letter content: …… and the departure of the ‘Toutae[NOTE 1]’, the Chief Chinese military officer at this station, at the solicitation of the Governor to Canton for this purpose, his interview with Lin if he had one at all was in its result unfavorable …… the ‘Toutae’ promised to withdraw his troops the Governor having presented to him; if he did not do so, the English forces would be landed. The town was in a state of great excitement, no one knowing what to expect from this gathering together of the Chinese troops. Capt. Smith had been urged by a letter from nearly all the British residents to take forcible towards affecting the release of Mr Stanton, and securing us against such dangers in future. It was very evident he extended to do something on Tuesday night the ‘Druid’, “Hyacinth’, ‘Larne’ and enterprise steamer even all in the Roads, and from the movements next morning it was clear they were preparing to strike a blow, and rumour said the Barrier and its defences were to be destroyed, such proved to be the fact. The ‘Hyacinth’ and ‘Larne’ took up a position in the Bay commanding the Barrier and the embankments; about noon, the commenced battering away and it was long time before the Chinese ceased to return their fire, they had twenty guns mounted and worked them well, the Steamer towed in fourteen boats with troops, marines, and sailors, which were landed in the Chinese side of the Barrier protected by the fire of the Steamer and the sloops of war ……Note 1: In 1840, according to Manchu convention under Qing Dynasty, “Toutae” 都台is an old romanization or phonetics variant to都統or提督, referred to Guan Tianpei (關天培) at the time. Ex Percival David 1840年8月20日澳門蕭發樂重要通信——英軍完成增兵並對清廷發動猛攻六月底，英軍完成兵力增援。英國海軍於7月5日發動猛烈炮擊，迅速佔領定海港。其後遠征軍分兵兩路：一支艦隊南下珠江，另一支北上黃海。本函件詳述南下艦隊如何奪取珠江口及穿鼻附近港口的經過，凸顯珠江三角洲作為中國南大門的戰略價值。信件內容：「……在總督要求下，當地清軍最高指揮官『都台』[註1]移師廣州，其與林則徐會面（若確有會晤）結果不利……『都台』承諾撤軍，但言明若未履約，英軍將強行登陸。全城氣氛緊張，無人知曉清軍集結意欲何為……」「史密斯艦長接獲全體英僑聯署信，要求武力解救斯坦頓先生並保障未來安全。週二夜間，『德魯伊號』、『風信子號』、『拉納號』與『企業號』蒸汽艦齊集錨地，翌晨動向已顯露攻擊意圖。傳聞英軍將摧毀橫檔砲台防線，後證屬實。『風信子號』與『拉納號』佔據控制砲台及堤岸的灣區陣位，正午開始炮擊。清軍二十門岸防炮頑強還擊良久，蒸汽艦拖帶十四艘載有陸戰隊及水兵的舢板，在艦炮掩護下於砲台清軍側登陸……」 [註1] 按清朝滿洲慣例，「都台」為「都統」或「提督」之舊式音譯（關天培時任廣東水師提督）。 [來源：珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士珍藏]

項次 1723

19000.00 HKD

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November 1840, an important First Opium War printed circular regarding the change of Plenipotentiary to China Dated 2nd December 1840 in

November 1840, an important First Opium War printed circular regarding the change of Plenipotentiary to China Dated 2nd December 1840 in Macao, this printed circular was sent to London and at the back flap with forwarder agent double-oval mark of “WHITE BARDAS & CO. BOMBAY, 19 Jan 1841”. This letter, in its 7th paragraph, has stated that Admiral George Elliot was relieved of his command and sent back to England due to his heart illness. Admiral George Elliot was then replaced by captain Charles Elliot to succeed him as Plenipotentiary, but captain Elliot was indeed not appreciated for being able to closely follow the directives of Lord Melbourne, the Premier of England. In several months later, Charles Elliot was eventually replaced in 1841 by Sir Henry Pottinger, who became the first governor in Hong Kong. The paragraph mentioned: “On the 29th November, Admiral Elliot resigned his command on the plea of bad health; he has been laboring under palpitation of the heart for months, and allowed all the negotiations with the Chinese to be solely conducted by captain Charles Elliot, who succeeds him as Plenipotentiary, thus virtually doing what Lord Melbourne, the premier of England said in his place in the House of Lords, should not be done, namely, captain Elliot placed in the direction of the expedition. The result all can read as they run – a monsoon lost; 6 months wasted; vast expense incurred; 500 gallant soldiers buried, and the settlement not advanced one step! Not even a promise offered by our cautious enemies, many of whom know well how to baffle captain Elliot. Sir Gordon Bremer succeeds to the command of the expedition, but whether his is Plenipotentiary here or not not, we are left in ignorance. And then the printed circular also recorded a printed letter by George Elliot replied on the HMS Melville to the correspondence of a group of trade union: “In answer to your letter of yesterday, I regret to say, I can only give you an answer to one of your queries, namely, with regard to the truce agreed to at Chusan. It was entered into with the governor-general of that province, and does not extend further. I am perfectly aware, gentlemen, of the state of anxiety the mercantile interests must be in, to know what is likely to take place; and shall take care to give the arliest intimation in my power of anything bearing on such interest, but at present I am myself ignorant of the intentions of the Chinese government, and can therefore only express my hope that your suspense will now be of short duration (Signed) GEORGE ELLIOT / Rear Admiral, and Commander-in-Chief” 1840年11月鴉片戰爭期間英國全權代表更替之重要印刷通告此通告於1840年12月2日在澳門印製，寄往倫敦，背面加蓋孟買轉遞商「WHITE BARDAS & CO. BOMBAY, 1841年1月19日」雙橢圓戳。通告第七段記載，海軍少將喬治·懿律（George Elliot）因心臟病卸任返英，由堂弟查理·義律（Charles Elliot）接任全權代表。然查理·義律未能貫徹英國首相墨爾本勳爵之指令，數月後被亨利·璞鼎查爵士（Sir Henry Pottinger）取代，後者成為香港首任總督。通告節錄：「11月29日，懿律少將以健康為由辭職。其心疾纏身數月，對華談判全權委予查理·義律。此舉實違墨爾本勳爵之命——義律上尉竟主導遠征軍！結果顯而易見：季風時機盡失、六個月虛耗、鉅額軍費、五百勇士埋骨，而事態毫無進展！敵方深諳如何牽制義律。布雷默爵士接掌軍權，然是否兼任全權代表，我等仍蒙在鼓中。」通告另附喬治·懿律於「HMS Melville」艦上回覆商團之信：「關於舟山停戰協定，此僅限於該省總督轄區，不涉他處……本人深知商界焦慮，必儘早通報相關動向，然目前亦不悉中國政府意圖，惟望諸位無須久候。」

項次 1724

2000.00 HKD

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1841 (27 Feb) Macao – A Silverlock correspondence from Macao The Treaty of Chuenpi Convention failed to sign off in January 1841.

1841 (27 Feb) Macao – A Silverlock correspondence from Macao The Treaty of Chuenpi Convention failed to sign off in January 1841. In February 1841, H.M.S. Nemesis came under fire in the North Wangtong Island, prompted the British commanders to order another blockade of the Pearl River and resumed combat operations against the Chinese. The British captured the remaining Bogue forts on 26 February during the Battle of the Bogue and the Battle of First Bar on 27 February. This letter contains several important Circulars illustrating the above Battles and events. A very important account of events around Chuenpi Convention. (1) Circular to Her Britannic Majesty’s Subjects • The Imperial Minister and High Commissioner having failed the conclude the Treaty of Peace lately agreed upon with Her Majesty’s Plenipotentiary within the allotted period, hostilities were resumed yesterday afternoon. • A Chinese force employed under cover of a masked and strong field work in blocking up a channel of the river at the back of Anunghoy was dislodged and the obstruction effectually cleared away, the guns in battery and deposit, amounting to about eighty of various calibre, rendered unserviceable, and the whole of the military material destroyed. • This extensive service was accomplished without loss in two hours by Captain Herbert of H.M.S. Calliope, having under his command the steam vessel Nemesis, and the pinnaces of H.M.S. Calliope, Samarang, Heratio, and Alligator. The extent of the enemy’s loss has not been ascertained / signed / Charles Elliot. On board H.M.S. Calliope of South Wongtong 24 February 1841 (2) Circular from Charles Elliot, Feb 26, 1841 [referred to “The Battle of the Bogue”] • Notice to H.M. Subjects: The Batteries at the Bocca Tigres have this day fallen to Her Majesty’s Arms – Several hundred prisoners have been captured, the enemy in flight in all directions, and no loss sustained up to this hour on our own side. Signed, Charles Elliot H.M.P. H.M.S. Calliope at anchor off North Wangtong, February 26, 1841 – 3 p.m. (3) H.M.S. Wellegley at anchor off North Wantong, Feb 26, 1841 [“The Battle of the Bogue”] • The Batteries at the Bocca Tigris having this day fallen to Her Majesty’s arrival, notice is hereby given that all British and foreign merchant vessels are permitted to repair to that point, and that they will be allowed to proceed higher as soon as it is as curtained that the River is clear of obstruction. • Signed, I.I. Gordon Bremer / Commander in Chief. 澳門，1841年2月27日——蕭發樂通信 1841年1月，《穿鼻草約》未能如期簽署。1841年2月，英國戰艦「復仇女神號」在北旺島遭襲，促使英軍指揮官下令再次封鎖珠江，並重啟對清軍的作戰行動。英軍於2月26日的「虎門之戰」中攻佔剩餘的虎門砲台，並於2月27日取得「第一次沙角之戰」勝利。本信件包含數份重要通告，詳述上述戰役與事件，為《穿鼻草約》周邊情勢的重要紀錄。 (1) 致大英帝國臣民通告書 • 清廷欽差大臣未能在約定期限內與女王陛下全權代表簽署和平條約，敵對行動已於昨日下午恢復。 • 清軍在鞏固城後方河道構築的堅固野戰工事已被摧毀，約八十門不同口徑的火炮遭破壞，所有軍用物資均被銷毀。 • 此重大軍事行動由「卡利歐佩號」艦長赫伯特指揮，率「復仇女神號」蒸汽艦及「卡利歐佩號」、「薩瑪朗號」、「赫拉提奧號」、「鰐魚號」所屬艦載艇，在兩小時內完成且無傷亡。敵軍損失尚無法估算。/簽署/查理·義律 1841年2月24日於南旺島附近「卡利歐佩號」艦上 (2) 查理·義律通告（1841年2月26日）[關於「虎門之戰」] • 告大英帝國臣民：虎門砲台今日已歸女王陛下軍隊掌控——俘獲敵軍數百人，殘敵四散潰逃，我方迄今無傷亡。簽署：查理·義律女王陛下全權代表 1841年2月26日下午3時於北旺島附近「卡利歐佩號」艦上 (3) 「威靈頓號」艦通告（1841年2月26日）[「虎門之戰」] • 虎門砲台既已陷落，現准許所有英國及外國商船駛往該處，待確認河道暢通無阻後可繼續上行。簽署：伯麥總司令 1841年2月26日於北旺島附近「威靈頓號」艦上

項次 1727

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1841 (2 May) Macao – Silverlock correspondence This is an excellent full of detailed account of state of affair in Canton and

1841 (2 May) Macao – Silverlock correspondence This is an excellent full of detailed account of state of affair in Canton and Macao before the outbreak of the Second Battle of Canton. The letter has the narratives of how the writer saw the landing and accumulation of Chinese troops in terms of Northern countrymen and Tartars coming from outside Canton province. The letter has the following state of situations: • You will be anxious to know how we are situated in Canton. At present, everything is perfectly quiet and peaceful; but although I was one of the first to arrive here, and feel less timidity than some of my neighbours, I must confess I don’t think it will long remain so. For I cannot suppose trade will go on, nor our residence here be considered perfectly safe, when our forces are on their way to Peking, or perhaps making some demonstration on the coast…… • It will seem very extraordinary to the people at home when they hear that within a week after the English forces held possession of Canton, the trade with foreigners was going on as usual. After the publication of Commodore Bremer’s notice permitting ships to proceed to Whampoa and Capt. Elliot’s proclamation of a Truce and the reopening of the trade at Canton …… • Sir Gordon Bremer with another naval officer came alongside, and questioned the Captain whether he had any written permission from the Plenipotentiary to proceed to Whampoa …… • The general impression as to the state of affairs here is that it cannot long continue in quietude. The Chinese authorities have requested Captain (George) Elliot to give up the forts—this he cannot do—and fearing they might be guilty of some rash act (i.e. be concerned on the Chinese who might suddenly take violent or provocative action), the sloops of war have been ordered to move near the factories. The steamer Nemesis also made her appearance yesterday. All the merchants are realizing property and getting off their teams as fast as possible, under the idea that trade will soon be interrupted. • The number of soldiers now in Canton and the neighbourhood is considerable; their tents are pitched on the hills north of the city, which we can see from our back window. Some fresh troops landed yesterday at the Western Gate. I was on the river when they passed—about 50 boats loaded, number of men 3,000. All north countrymen, some Tartars. Ex Percival David 蕭發樂通信，澳門，1841年5月2日這是一封詳細描述廣州和澳門在第二次廣州戰役爆發前局勢的卓越信件。信中敘述了作者對北部人士和韃靼人從廣東省外進入，登陸和聚集的觀察。信件內容如下： • 你一定很想知道我們在廣州的處境。目前一切都非常安靜和平，但儘管我是最早到達這裡的人之一，感到比我的一些鄰居少一點害怕，我必須承認，我不認為這種狀況會持續太久。因為我不能假定當我們的部隊正在前往北京的路上，或可能在海岸進行某些示威時，貿易還能進行，或者我們在這裡的居住能被認為是完全安全的…… • 當國內的人們聽到英軍佔領廣州不到一周，外國貿易就如常進行時，他們會覺得非常不尋常。在布雷默准將發布允許船舶前往黃埔的通知以及艾略特上校發布的停戰協議和重開廣州貿易的公告之後…… • 戈登·布雷默爵士和另一位海軍官員靠近，詢問艦長是否有全權代表給予的前往黃埔的書面許可…… • 關於這裡的局勢，有一種普遍的印象，即它不能長期保持平靜。中國當局已請求（喬治）艾略特艦長交出炮台——這是他不能做到的——並擔心他們可能會犯下一些魯莽行為（即涉及可能會突然採取暴力或挑釁行動的中國人），因此，戰艦已被命令移至工廠附近。蒸汽船Nemesis昨天也出現了。所有商人都在套現資金，盡快撤離他們的團隊，認為貿易很快就會中斷。 • 現在廣州及其周邊的士兵數量相當可觀；他們的帳篷搭在城市北面的山丘上，我們從後窗可以看到。一些新部隊昨天在西門登陸。我在河上時他們經過——大約50艘船，載有3,000人。都是北方人，有些是韃靼人。 [來源：珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士珍藏]

項次 1728

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1841 (12 Nov) Macao – Silverlock correspondence letter sheet After the Second Battle of Chusan and the Battle of Chinhai The letter gives

1841 (12 Nov) Macao – Silverlock correspondence letter sheet After the Second Battle of Chusan and the Battle of Chinhai The letter gives a full account of British strengthening its military positions: “…… The capture of Amoy has been followed by the Island of Chusan, again by Chinghae which is the Bogue of Ningpo, as the forts here are of Canton River, and lastly by the City of Ningpo itself taken without firing a shot, the troops having all fled in a panic …… The opinion is, the Plenipotentiary will remain at Chusan or Amoy with the greater part of the force, and the Admiral’s return to this neighbourhood with the small craft. The Canton government is busy repairing the old defences and erecting new ones in the part of the river between this and Whampoa …… hundreds of workmen are employed in building war junks …… the general opinion is that hostilities will be renewed, and if the city be not taken, a blockade will be put on the port and maintained till the whole affair is settled. If nothing be done the Trade will go on quietly as it does now …… the local government is too anxious to maintain peace in the province ……” Ex Percival David Collection 1841年11月12日，澳門。蕭發樂通信 – 第二次舟山之戰與鎮海之戰的後續這封信描述了英國在第二次舟山之戰與鎮海之戰的後續加強其軍事地位的情況：「……廈門的佔領之後是舟山島，再接著是鎮海，這裡是寧波的虎門，就如同這裡的堡壘是廣州河的堡壘一樣，最後是寧波城，未發一槍就被佔領，部隊全都在恐慌中逃離……認為全權大使將留在舟山或廈門與大部分部隊一同，而海軍上將則帶著小型船隻返回此地附近。廣州政府忙於修復舊防禦設施並在此至黃埔之間的河段豎立新的防禦……數百名工人被雇用來建造戰船……普遍看法是會重新爆發敵對行動，如果城市未被佔領，將會對港口實施封鎖，並維持直到整個事情解決。如果沒有行動，貿易將像現在這樣平靜地進行……地方政府太渴望在省內維持和平……」 [來源：珀西瓦爾·大維德爵士珍藏]

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